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Category: Soldiers

Between 1914 and 1919, over 650,000 Canadians served at home and overseas during the Great War. On the Western Front in Belgium and France, Canadian soldiers of the Great War distinguished themselves in numerous battles, including Second Battle of Ypres, Battle of Vimy Ridge, and Second Battle of Passchendaele. In Canada’s Last Hundred Days of the Great War, Canadian soldiers at the sharp end of the spear breaking through the enemy’s formidable trench defences, the Hindenburg Line. Their efforts have inspired these soldier stories.

Collections

Many collections used to bring the soldier stories to life. First, and foremost, the Personnel Records of the soldiers serving in the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF). This collection, like the others to follow, digitized and made available by Library and Archives Canada (LAC). Secondly, the War Diaries of the CEF often provide vital information about a soldier’s life not contained in their service file. Finally, Circumstances of Death (CoD), War Graves Registers (GRRF), and Veterans Death Cards provide further information on The Fallen. These three collections in conjunction with records of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) vital to cases of identification and recovery of The Missing.

Courts Martial Records (FGCM)

Additional collections used to present the soldier stories include Courts Martial Records. Courts martial had the authority to try a wide range of military offences that resembled civilian crimes like fraud, theft or perjury. Others, like desertion and cowardice – purely military crimes. Records of individual courts martial consist of an average of 20 to 25 documents, mainly standardized forms. These document the trial and the charges under the Army Act.

MIKAN photo collection

Finally, the most powerful way of bringing soldier stories of the Great War to life, the images of the MIKAN collection digitized by LAC.  Often complementing these photos – images held by the Imperial War Museum (IWM), some of which also contain images captured by the Official Canadian War Photographers (CWRO) during the Great War. Both LAC and IWM have film collections which further bring the reality of the soldier stories of the Great War to life.

  • Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs, R.R.C. in the Great War

    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs, R.R.C. in the Great War

    Mary Bell Hubbs a graduate nurse from the Township of Hillier, father Louis Philip Hubbs, mother Prudence Hubbs of Hillier, Ontario, Mary born 31 May 1880 in Hillier.

    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs, R.R.C. MIKAN No. 3216958
    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs, R.R.C. MIKAN No. 3216958

    Attestation of Mary Bell Hubbs

    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs attested 21 January 1915 in Ottawa, Ontario. Medical examination 24 February 1915 in London, England, approving officer MacDonald. Mary stood 5′ 9″ tall, 182 pounds, brunette complexion, with gray-blue eyes and dark brown hair.

    In addition to the nurses with the contingents — and with the McGill and Toronto University Units — the Canadian Red Cross Society, at the request of the Chairman of the Nursing Department of the British Red Cross Society’, is sending twenty nurses at once.

    Conditions of service

    The conditions of service are that the nurse shall be fully qualified, holding a three years’ certificate of a recognized training school of at least one hundred beds, and must be well recommended by the lady superintendent of the hospital. She must also have a health certificate and satisfactory references.

    It is necessary that she shall be inoculated against enteric, and if she has not been vaccinated for seven years she should be vaccinated.

    MIKAN No. 3604130
    Nurses and doctors in the surgical tent (operating room) at No. 2 Canadian General Hospital in Le Treport, France. MIKAN No. 3604130

    Term of service is for one year from the date of enlistment, and the nurse will proceed to England where she will be assigned to duty. The salaries of the nurses will be at the British Government rate of £1 per week and necessary clothing and cost of transportation.

    The following nurses arrived lately from Canada, as supernumerary of the first contingent:

    April 3, 1915

    Misses A. II. McNicol, S. A. Louise, C. M. MacLoan, E. T. Hegan, M. A. Cxinimings. M. B. Hubbs. L. F. Boyd. E. Pierce. C. M. Motherwell. E. M. Armstrong, E. Boultbee, O. Boulter. B. Laveragan. M. Rosse. K. Shaw, and Mrs. A. M. Spalding.

    Misses M. J. Dickinson. G. Billyard, G. E. Stalker, C. J. Douglas, C. E. IMallory, M. H. McGill, M. Howe. L. Lj-nch. S. Ferguson, I. Willis, A. M. Mills, F. .Armsrong, C. E. Cameron, A. Cameron-Smith. K. G. Clark. H. Dougharty, C. Drew, M. M. Ellis. C. Malby, A. McKay, C. G. Nixon, C. C. Raymond. J. Kobley. E. Sullivan, and J. Wishart. Many have gone to France, to relieve the nurses who have been working among the wounded for months.

    Mary begins her service with No.2 General Hospital, CAMC.

    No.2 General Hospital, CAMC

    Organized at Valcartier in September 1914 under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Bridges.
    Left Quebec 30 September 1914 aboard FRANCONIA and VIRGINIAN. Arrived in England 15 October 1914.
    Strength: 25 officers, 136 other ranks. Arrived in France 14 March 1915. Le Tréport, March 1915 – 2 March 1919.
    Disbanded by General Order 211 of 15 November 1920.

    The British journal of nursing

    From: The British journal of nursing, SATURDAY, JANUARY 2, 1915.

    ” The faults of the Red Cross Societies seem the same all over Europe. The little that Society does here is a series of stupidities in so far as nursing is concerned. Here is a true tale. The matron of a children’s sanatorium in the country had to send the children back to Amsterdam in the early days of August, and offered the sanatorium to the R.C.S., as it is an ideal place for convalescents. It replied that the Society could not accept the offer, ” because they, did not want the soldiers to eat tuberculosis”!

    – A nurse from Holland

    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs granted 10 days leave from Le Treport, 19 February 1916.

    MIKAN No. 3607160
    Group of night sisters posed with their rain hats and oil lamps at the No. 2 Canadian General Hospital in Le Treport, France. MIKAN No. 3607160

    Mary granted 14 days leave, 17 January 1917.

    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs posted to CAMC Depot Shorncliffe, 9 June 1917. Posted to Moore Barracks Hospital, from No.2 Canadian General Hospital, Shorncliffe, 12 June 1917.

    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs On Command HMHS ARAGUAYA, 17 September 1917.

    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs
    The SS ARAGUAYA, a hospital ship leased by the RCN. It made 20 round trips between England and Halifax, carrying a total of 15,324 sick and wounded Canadian soldiers back home

    To CAMC Shorncliffe, General Convalescent Stationary Hospital, 7 November 1917.

    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs granted 4 Blue Service Chevrons, 3 March 1918.

    Villa Tino Hospital for Sisters, Le Touquet
    Villa Tino Hospital for Sisters, Le Touquet. © IWM (Q 8032)

    Nervous debility

    Admitted No.3 General Hospital, Le Treport on 7 June 1918. Transferred to Kitchener Military Hospital, Brighton, 17 June 1918. Former case sheet reports pain under left breast, worse on pressure. Not plural type, and a small crepitant rales, left side. On admission some dull pain at times under lefty breast, otherwise negative. Previous history negative. Admitted to the Canadian Red Cross Hospital, Buxton on 9 July 1918, nervous debility, and released in the London Area on 21 August 1918.

    Mary finished her service with No.1 General Hospital, and Military District No.2, with 43 months total service.

    Awarded Royal Red Cross, 2nd Class, 21 June 1918, London Gazette No. 30756.

    Royal Red Cross Class 2 (ARRC)

    The Royal Red Cross Class 2 (ARRC) instituted on 10 November 1915. ARRC recipients cannot receive a bar, but may be elevated to RRC. On the obverse there is a bareheaded effigy of the reigning monarch in the middle. On the reverse, the Royal Cypher of the reigning monarch is in the centre, surmounted by a crown, with the words FAITH (top), HOPE (left), CHARITY (right), and 1883 on the bottom of the cross.

    Royal Red Cross Class 2 (ARRC)
    Royal Red Cross Class 2 (ARRC)

    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs discharged in Toronto, 17 March 1919.

    Death of Mary Bell Hubbs

    Mary lived in Wellington in her waning years, and died of heart disease 5 October 1947. Buried in the family plot at Christ Church Cemetery, Hillier, Ontario. Next of kin Mr Robert Hubbs, her brother.

    Nursing Sister Mary Bell Hubbs Death Card
    Hubbs Death Card

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