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Category: On This Day

On This Day in the Great War

Video and image blog posts relating to significant events and dates of the Great War. The origins of the Great War are complex. Presenting a chronology of the Great War on the Western Front would be a daunting task. Instead, CEFRG presents a random look at the Great War in these blog posts.

Battle of Liege

The first battle on the Western Front was the Battle of Liege which opened on 5 August 1914. Before the end of 1914, no less than 25 battles or actions on the Western Front. The battles also significant, including such battles as the Battle of Mons, the First Battle of the Marne, First Battle of Arras, and First Battle of Ypres.

Battle of Neuve-Chapelle

Canada’s first action came at the Battle of Neuve-Chapelle which opened on 10 March 1915. While not a large battle, the first time the Canadian Expeditionary Force fully involved in action with the enemy. Under the British 1st Army, Canada’s role in the battle to prevent the Germans in this sector from reinforcing the combat zone. Unfortunately, the artillery bombardment provided too light to suppress the enemy trenches.

March to the Rhine

Canada’s final actions in the Great War came after the Armistice. The March to the Rhine by the 1st and 2nd Canadian Division with select Corps Troops, saw Canada crossing the Rhine river at Cologne, and Bonn, Germany. This action was followed by the Allied Occupation of Germany which lasted for ten years.

Canada’s role completed before the spring of 1919, and most of our troops home before the official end to the war on 28 June 1919, when Germany and the Allied Nations (including Britain, France, Italy and Russia) signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the war. Therefore, many blog posts of On This Day in the Great War extend into 1919, particularly concerning demobilization.

  • Friday, 13 December 1918, in the Great War

    Friday, 13 December 1918, in the Great War

    The 1st and 2nd Canadian Divisions, along with selected Corps Troops, marched to the Rhine in December of 1918 to assume occupation duties. A very rainy Friday, 13 December 1918 began ten continuous years of the Allied Occupation of Germany, as the Rhine river officially crossed at Cologne and Bonn.

    Rhein Bridge, Bonn

    Rheinbrücke

    General Sir Arthur Currie and Staff crossing the Rhine at Bonn,, 13 December1918. MIKAN No. 3522440
    General Sir Arthur Currie and Staff crossing the Rhine at Bonn,, 13 December1918. MIKAN No. 3522440

    Sir Arthur Currie

    The Canadian and II Corps (Lieut.-Generals Sir A. Currie and Sir Claud Jacob) would carry out the occupation. Thus, in the occupation of the Rhineland the Dominions were represented by the Canadian Corps, by the New Zealand Division, the 13th Australian Light Horse, the 50th South African Heavy Battery, and by the 1st Royal Newfoundland Regiment.

    1918-12-13	3522439	O-3886	PA-003794	General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as theBritish Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn (Rheinbrücke at Bonn). December 13, 1918 
    General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as the British Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn (Rheinbrücke at Bonn). December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522439
    General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as the British Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn. December 13, 1918. MIKAN No. 3522451 
    General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as the British Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn. December 13, 1918. MIKAN No. 3522451
    General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as theBritish Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn, 13 December 1918. MIKAN No. 3522452 
    MIKAN No. 3522452
    1918-12-13	3522445	O-3889	PA-003801	General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as theBritish Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn (Rheinbrücke at Bonn). December 13, 1918 
    General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as the British Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn (Rheinbrücke at Bonn). December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522445

    2nd Canadian Division

    Corps Commander, General Sir Arthur Currie, taking the salute of the 2nd Canadian Division on the Bridge at Bonn, December 13th, 1918, (24th Battalion passing Saluting Base). MIKAN No. 3522482
    Corps Commander, General Sir Arthur Currie, taking the salute of the 2nd Canadian Division on the Bridge at Bonn, December 13th, 1918, (24th Battalion passing Saluting Base). MIKAN No. 3522482
    1918-12-13	3522444	O-3892	PA-003799	G.O.C. and H.Q. Staff, 2nd Canadian Division, passing the Saluting Base [on the Bridge over the Rhine at Bonn] December 13, 1918 
    G.O.C. and H.Q. Staff, 2nd Canadian Division, passing the Saluting Base [on the Bridge over the Rhine at Bonn] December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522444

    Canadian Light Horse

    1918-12-13	3522443	O-3893	PA-003798	Canadian Light Horse passing Saluting Base on Bonn Bridge. December 13, 1918
    Canadian Light Horse passing Saluting Base on Bonn Bridge. December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522443
    1918-12-13	3522419	O-3894	PA-003770	General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as the British Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn. December 13, 1918 
    General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as the British Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn. Friday, 13 December 1918 MIKAN No. 3522419

    13th Brigade, CFA

    1918-12-13	3522421	O-3895	PA-003772	13th Brigade, Canadian Field Artillery passing Saluting Base on Bonn Bridge. December 13, 1918
    13th Brigade, Canadian Field Artillery passing Saluting Base on Bonn Bridge. December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522421
    1918-12-13	3522420	O-3895	PA-003771	General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as the British Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn. December 13, 1918
    General Sir Arthur Currie takes the salute as the British Cavalry cross the Rhine at Bonn. December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522420

    Canadian Field Artillery

    1918-12-13	3522422	O-3897	PA-003773	Artillery crossing the Rhine at Bonn December 13, 1918
    Artillery crossing the Rhine at Bonn December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522422
    1918-12-13	3522423	O-3898	PA-003774	A Canadian Infantry Battalion crossing the Rhine at Bonn. December 13, 1918
    A Canadian Infantry Battalion crossing the Rhine at Bonn. December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522423
    1918-12-13	3522424	O-3899	PA-003775	21st Battalion crossing the Rhine at Bonn, December 13, 1918
    21st Battalion crossing the Rhine at Bonn, December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522424
    1918-12-13	3522425	O-3900	PA-003776	19th Canadian Infantry Battalion passing the Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge  (Rheinbrücke at Bonn). December 13, 1918
    19th Canadian Infantry Battalion passing the Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge (Rheinbrücke at Bonn). December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522425
    1918-12-13	3522426	O-3901	PA-003777	24th Canadian Infantry Battalion passing the Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge (Rheinbrücke at Bonn). December 13, 1918
    24th Canadian Infantry Battalion passing the Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge (Rheinbrücke at Bonn). December 13, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522426

    Van Doos

    22nd Canadian Infantry Battalion crossing the Rhine at Bonn, 13 December 1918. Lt.-Col. Sir Arthur Currie saluting. MIKAN No. 3194827
    22nd Canadian Infantry Battalion crossing the Rhine at Bonn, 13 December 1918. Lt.-Col. Sir Arthur Currie saluting. MIKAN No. 3194827
    1918-12-13	3522427	O-3903	PA-003779	Battalions of 2nd Canadian Division passing Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge.
    Battalions of 2nd Canadian Division passing Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge. MIKAN No. 3522427
    1918-12-13	3522428	O-3904	PA-003780	Battalions of 2nd Canadian Division passing Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge.
    Battalions of 2nd Canadian Division passing Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge. MIKAN No. 3522428
    1918-12-13	3522429	O-3905	PA-003781	Battalions of 2nd Canadian Division passing Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge.
    Battalions of 2nd Canadian Division passing Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge. MIKAN No. 3522429
    1918-12-13	3522430	O-3906	PA-003782	19th Canadian Infantry Battalion passing Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge. December, 1918
    19th Canadian Infantry Battalion passing Corps Commander on Bonn Bridge. December, 1918 MIKAN No. 3522430

    Sir Douglas Haig

    1918-12-13	3522431	O-3907	PA-003783	Sir Douglas Haig meets officers of the 2nd Canadian Division Headquarters on the other side of the Rhine. December, 1918
    Sir Douglas Haig meets officers of the 2nd Canadian Division Headquarters on the other side of the Rhine. Friday 13 December 1918. MIKAN No. 3522431
    3522432
    MIKAN No. 3522432
    3522433
    Sir Douglas Haig MIKAN No. 3522433
    3522434
    3522434
    3522435
    MIKAN No. 3522435
    MIKAN No. 3522436
    Sir Douglas Haig meets Officers of the Canadian Corps Headquarters at the Chateau of the sister-in-law of the late Kaiser in Bonn, Germany. Friday 13 December 1918. Sir Arthur Currie sleeps in her bed tonight. MIKAN No. 3522436

    Schiff Bridge, Cologne

    Schiffbrücke

    The Royal Newfoundland Regiment began a march with the British 9th Division to the German border. Their task to provide part of the Allied occupation force in Germany. Setting out from Cuerne, near Harlebeke, Belgium, on 15 November, their route took the Regiment past Brussels, then to the Meuse River, and on to the German border at Rotgen. On 4 December 1918, after 14 days of marching an average of 13 miles a day, the Regiment reached the border, and on 8 December arrived in Cologne on the Rhine River.

    Royal Newfoundland Regiment crossing the Rhine near Cologne, 13 December 1918, led by CO Maj AE Bernard (right) and Adjt Capt A Raley
    Royal Newfoundland Regiment crossing the south bridge over the Rhine at Cologne, 13 December 1918, led by CO Maj AE Bernard (right) and Adjt Capt A Raley

    On Friday 13 December 1918, The Royal Newfoundland Regiment crossed the Rhine River and took up bridgehead duties near Cologne as part of the Allied occupation force in the Rhineland.

    Hohenzollern Bridge, Cologne

    Hohenzollernbrücke

    © IWM (Q 7219) The head of the 4-hour long column of the 29th Division (Divisional Band and pipes of the 1st King's Own Scottish Borderers) reaching General Herbert Plumer, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief the British Army of the Rhine, at the saluting point on the Hohenzollern Bridge at 9.30 am on Friday
    The head of the 4-hour long column of the 29th Division (Divisional Band and pipes of the 1st King’s Own Scottish Borderers) reaching General Herbert Plumer, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief the British Army of the Rhine, at the saluting point on the Hohenzollern Bridge at 9.30 am on Friday. © IWM (Q 7219)

    Lt.-Col. Dick Worrall

    General Plumer takes the salute on the bridge at Cologne where 1st Canadian Division crossed the Rhine,13 December 1918. John Pollands Garvin. MIKAN No. 3522442
    Lt.-Col. Dick Worrall leads the 14th Battalion as General Plumer takes the salute on the bridge at Cologne where 1st Canadian Division crossed the Rhine, 13 December 1918. MIKAN No. 3522442
    © IWM (Q 7213) Friday 13 December 1918
    General Sir Claud William Jacob (GOC II Corps Fifth Army) and staff on the Hohenzollern Bridge taking the salute at the march past of the 29th Division, on entering Cologne. © IWM (Q 7213)

    Plumer stands with his staff to one side of the road leading across the bridge. With him are Lieutenant-General C Jacob, commanding II Corps, and Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Kavanagh commanding the Cavalry Corps.

    3522441	O-3884	PA-003796	General Plumer takes the salute on the bridge at Cologne where 1st Canadian Division crossed the Rhine, December 13th, 1918
    General Plumer takes the salute on the bridge at Cologne where 1st Canadian Division crossed the Rhine, December 13th, 1918. MIKAN No. 3522441
    © IWM (Q 7214)
    The column took 4 hours to pass. General Plumer moved to the Schiffbrücke later, his place being taken by General Claude Jacob. © IWM (Q 7214)
    © IWM (Q 7215) Friday 13 December 1918
    © IWM (Q 7215)
    © IWM (Q 7216)
    © IWM (Q 7216)
    © IWM (Q 7220)
    29th Division entering Cologne by the Hohenzollern Bridge. General Herbert Plumer, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief the British Army of the Rhine taking the salute. © IWM (Q 7220)
    © IWM (Q 7221)
    © IWM (Q 7221)